Low Impact Development Measures Spatial Arrangement for Urban Flood Mitigation: An Exploratory Optimal Framework based on Source Tracking

Urban areas are vulnerable to flooding as a result of climate change and rapid urbanization thus flood losses becoming increasingly severe. Low impact development (LID) measures storm management technique designed for controlling runoff in urban areas, which is critical solving hazard. Therefore, this study developed an exploratory simulation–optimization framework the spatial arrangement LID measures. The proposed begins by applying numerical model simulate hydrological hydrodynamic processes during event, coupled with source tracking method was then used identify areas. Next, based on data, investment each catchment determined using inundation volume contribution ratio area (where most required) hazard occurs). Finally, resiliency sustainability different scenarios were evaluated several events order provide suggestions prediction decision-making process. results emphasized importance control. Furthermore, quantitatively evaluate transport between catchments effectiveness measures, regional relevance index (RI) analyze connectivity regions. applied Haikou City, China, wherein indicated that robust resilient solution mitigation. This demonstrates novelty combining highlights